2018-03-08

#theWall


Stand on the parapet,
savor security,
order and law now met
here for futurity.
He said that he'd build it
to ward away evil.
This costs more than a bit,
but he claims that he will
get the Mexicans to
cover the whole expense.
Now what do we get through
this grand show of defense?

They say that a good fence
will make a good neighbor.
But my experience,
in both fun and labor,
says giving of self makes
for greater affection
than driving in fence stakes
and wreaking rejection.
“Open your hand to those
whose prospects are so grim”,
Jesus said. “Love your foes.”
So, of course, we killed him.


Copyright ©2018, Paul H. Harder II

This poem is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 License.

2017-03-16

Logic Errors, Edge Conditions, and Politics

We software engineers spend a lot of time -- too much, we think, but usually too little -- trying to ferret out two things that make our programs blow up. Politicians should learn something from our experience.

Logic Errors

One of those program problems is logic errors. I can easily illustrate what that is. Suppose you're writing a program for a robot that is able to move around within a building. A small snippet of code might be something like this:

if( Doorway.Door.IsOpen ) {
    Doorway.Door.Open();
}
Doorway.Traverse();


Do you see the logic error? There's one, tiny thing missing: the word NOT. It makes no sense to open the door if it's already open. We want to open the door if it's closed. The program should look more like this:

if( NOT Doorway.Door.IsOpen ) {
    Doorway.Door.Open();
}
Doorway.Traverse();


That's what logic errors are all about. This is the easiest kind of program bug to find and fix. Most of the time, we fix them before our programs get out of the lab.

Edge Conditions

What's harder to fix is unhandled edge conditions.

Visualize all of the conditions that a program can encounter as a the surface of a two-dimensional sheet of paper. The vast bulk of these conditions are somewhere in the interior of the sheet, surrounded by other conditions. Those are the "usual" conditions, and they're what we write the program to handle. But the sheet has edges, conditions that weren't uppermost in our minds as we wrote the program.

If the robot in the first story inhabited a building in which the doors are mostly open, the programmer might forget that if block above. The program to handle doorways might be just this:

Doorway.Traverse();

But then the robot, trying to follow its simple-minded instructions in its simple-minded way is found with its "chest" against a door, stupidly pushing and pushing and pushing, but getting nowhere because the door is closed.

The closed door is an edge condition. Edge conditions are why if blocks appear in code. We put in at least one if block for every edge condition we can think of.

Politics

I'm guessing you probably aren't a software engineer. But maybe you're a voter. Maybe you're even a politician. If so, read on.

We software engineers write programs that tell dumb computers what to do and how to do it. Politicians do something very similar, but they're programming whole societies, not idiot computers. Yet their programs are often dumber than my worst effort. They make logic errors and they ignore edge conditions.

Here's just one example of a logic error: Writing a law to fix a problem that does not exist. Voter identification laws are in this category. There has never been enough documented voter fraud to justify these laws. Oh, yes, you can correctly say that we ought not to let people vote if they are not eligible to vote. Indeed! But how often do ineligible people attempt to vote? Where are your statistics? How do they justify the expense and effort of what these laws require? Mostly they don't. And I'm not even talking about the real purpose of the laws: preventing certain types of eligible voters from voting. These laws spend my tax dollars, trying to fix a problem that pretty much doesn't exist.

Then there are edge conditions. Let's think for a moment about the bathroom bills that are becoming so popular in some of the redder states, including here in Texas. They want to force people to use the public restroom that corresponds to the gender on their birth certificate. They think that this is a simple matter. Everybody is either male or female, right?  And birth certificates are never wrong, right?

Pathologist Gerald Callahan's book, Between XX and XY: Intersexuality and the Myth of Two Sexes, points out that more than 65,000 children are born every year without an obvious sex. The doctors who deliver them do not know whether they are boys or girls. Some children are born as apparent girls but naturally become boys at puberty. Some people don't have precisely two sex chromosomes in their cells -- they aren't XX or XY. Some are XXY or XXXY or XXXXY or only X. Which restroom should those folks use? Those people represent unhandled edge conditions in the societal program that we call "The Law".

And then there are the transgender people, the ones that are actually targeted by these laws. I have seen a photograph of a person who was born female and went through the sexual reassignment process. She/he bulked up and became the very image of a huge, imposing, menacing Black dude with tattoos. Imagine him/her obeying the law and using the ladies' room in a restaurant. Can you imagine police being called to deal with the Black man who has the nerve to enter the ladies' room? I can. Would you perhaps be more comfortable if he/she simply used the restroom that's more appropriate to his/her apparent gender? I would.  This person represents an edge condition that is not handled well by the proposed Texas bathroom bill -- yet she/he is the very target of that bill.

You might be tempted to conclude that the legislators who are in the process of enacting this bill are intentionally trying to crash the system. That's what it would look like if this law were a computer program.


2017-02-19

A Tale of Two Stories

A novel that I'm currently reading has a character who says*, "Narrative. Consumers don't buy products, so much as narratives". He explains that designers and marketers are taught to "invent characters, with narratives" and then create products, companies, etc. around those stories. One of my friends, a widely published Christian author and speaker, has a book titled The Story We Find Ourselves In.

Stories are important.

I want to tell you about the story I grew up in and contrast it with a different story that we are being force fed.

Story 1:

I grew up in the America of the 1950s and 1960s. America was The Good Guys. Our heroes wore the white hats in all the westerns. We lived by the rules, even when The Bad Guys cheated. And, as Dad explained, it's not true that might makes right. Rather, we were mighty because we were right.

In that America, we believed in freedom: freedom of thought, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, etc. We were a mostly Christian nation, but we all believed that every American had the right to practice any religion. We might hate the religion you chose, but we were ready to die for your right to choose it.

In that America, we respected each other, even if we did not like each other. We believed in every American's right to pursue a better life. Free public education was the norm, and it was of very high quality. State universities were affordable and anybody who could do the work could attain a college degree and a good job.

In that America, facts were thought to be important. Business and government leaders who ignored facts soon stopped being leaders.

Whatever your religious beliefs, it is difficult to deny that the roots of this story are ancient and buried deeply in biblical teachings of loving our neighbor as ourselves -- and everybody is our neighbor.

Story 2:

In recent years, a new story has become increasingly popular. Its roots, too, are ancient, but based in fear. This is mostly a story of fear and hatred: The world is a scary place, so we have no choice but to fear and hate anybody who is not like us.

Which us? Most of the people who peddle this story are white and claim to be Christian. We are told to fear anybody who is not white or not Christian.

And we're told that facts no longer matter. That's essential for Story 2, because it is so very easy to completely discredit it, if you believe facts.  Story 2 says that violent crime is at an all-time high. In fact, it has been diminishing for decades. Story 2 says that public education has failed us, and our children are not getting an education, so we must support other alternatives and starve the public schools into oblivion. In fact, standardized test scores tell a completely different story. Story 2 tells us that America is a "mess". In fact, as Donald Trump took the oath of office, nearly every economic and social indicator of national well-being had been improving for years. Story 2 says that Muslims are terrorists. In fact, most Muslims hate terrorism and most acts of terror in this country have been committed by white men who called themselves Christian.

During the painfully prolonged Presidential campaign, those of us who care about facts kept wondering when Trump would get specific about his policies and plans. He never did. Instead, he just kept feeding us his version of Story 2: Fear and hate foreigners, Muslims, and the press. But he's special. He can save us.

Trump fed us a story, and he continues to do so. Unlike most Presidents, he realizes that his true role is Storyteller-In-Chief. That realization explains why he doesn't bother with many of the things that other Presidents have done, things like reading the Presidential Daily Brief, or achieving a deep knowledge of international affairs, or agonizing over the details of a policy proposal. Instead, he jets off to his Florida White House and hosts a campaign rally from the steps of Air Force One. A campaign for what? Not for the presidency - he's already won that. This was a campaign for Story 2.

Which Story is True?

That's the wrong question. Both are demonstrably false. America never was The Good Guys who always played by the rules, and Trump's America is even more fictitious.

The correct question is, "Which story is it more profitable to believe in?"

My answer: Story 1.

Within Story 1, America became the preeminent nation in the world; and people of every race, color, and creed proved that this grand experiment could be a success, both for the nation and for every person who would commit to it. I, the son of a grocer who never finished college, became a military officer and later earned a doctorate. I have a satisfying and remunerative career as a software engineer.

But Story 2 would have us deny those opportunities to many of the people who have made America the great nation that it is.  Make America great again? It never stopped being great. The immigrants Trump wants to keep out are not clamoring to get here because we're an inferior country.

Let's Be Indivisible

I have recently joined a local Indivisible group, because I believe that we can return to Story 1.

I like that name, Indivisible. It so clearly evokes the Pledge of Allegiance, "… indivisible, with liberty and justice for all".

The Indivisible movement is not about Democrats against Republicans. It's about American citizens (hopefully both Democrats and Republicans) trying to uphold the America that is promised to us in the Constitution.

When I accepted my commission as a military officer, I swore to "support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic". Our current President and his Story 2 agenda are enemies of that Constitution.

Years ago, I resigned my commission, but I never resigned the oath. That's why I joined Indivisible.

I'm in the fight.


____________________________________
*Zero History, by William Gibson, page 30.


2016-10-02

Austin, TX

During a visit to Austin, I have come to realize one of the reasons I like the town.

Houston can legitimately claim to be the most ethnically diverse city in the U.S. But there is a paucity of other kinds of diversity in my city. In any part of town, eating out mostly is a matter of choosing among the same set of chain restaurants that exist in every other part of town. Housing subdivisions tend to a stultifying sameness. The businesses of the city are dominated by the fossil fuel sector.

Austin, by contrast, positively revels in diversity. This "blueberry in the tomato soup of Texas" has more non-chain restaurants than most cities. There are a great many people with extremely developed beards, or extensive tattooing, or electrically colored hair, or unconventional dietary preferences, or novel spirituality -- or not -- all coexisting to "keep Austin weird". It feels as if there is maybe one unique craft brewery or winery per thousand inhabitants. Businesses include high tech, low tech, no tech, etc., but no one sector dominating.

There are more different kinds of diversity than in most places I have seen. You could say that Austin prizes diverse diversity.

2015-12-01

Brad Pitt and "Christian Guilt"

I read today that Brad Pitt became an atheist because of "Christian guilt" that he felt throughout his Southern Baptist upbringing.

But there is no such thing as "Christian guilt". If your church is making you feel guilty, it is not Christ whom they preach.

It's all through the New Testament, with significant foreshadowings in the Old. One of the most directly stated versions of this point is in Romans 8:1-2 (NIV):

Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus,  because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit of life set me free from the law of sin and death.

I will not try to enumerate the many other scriptures that make the point. Dr. Andrew Farley, pastor of Church Without Religion in Lubbock, Texas, has written entire books that develop this point, based on scripture after scripture. I recommend reading them. Start with the first, The Naked Gospel: Jesus Plus Nothing. 100% Natural. No Additives. Then move on to God Without Religion. If you get that far, you don't need me to tell you to continue.

In John 15:14, Jesus said that we are his friends if we do what he commands us. What does he command, but to love God and to love our neighbor as ourselves (and he defines "neighbor" as "everybody we come in contact with").

I will mention one of those Old Testament foreshadowings. Micah 6:8 (NIV) says this:
He has showed you, O man, what is good.
And what does the LORD require of you?
To act justly and to love mercy
and to walk humbly with your God.
Do you see here any emphasis on guilt? Certainly not. Religious guilt is laid on us by a church that has lost sight of the Gospel and is focused instead on the Old Covenant. But we are free of that covenant.  Do we still sin? Certainly. At times, sin may even seem to control us. But we need feel no condemnation. Instead, we should feel drawn to Jesus, to let his Holy Spirit change us from the inside, not from the legalistic outside.

I look at what's going on in politics nowadays, and I see a number of right-wing candidates proclaiming their allegiance to "Judaeo-Christian values". But the true Judaeo-Christian values are not the thou-shalt-nots that these candidates so revere. Rather, true Christian values are centered around NOT telling other people what they can and cannot do, or even conforming our own lives to a list of thou-shalt-nots. The true Christian approach is to allow Christ to take over our lives, guiding us (and only us -- he'll guide others when they let him, but that's not our concern) into a mature image of God.

Consider abortion: Is it a sin? Maybe. I cannot say that it isn't. But neither can I say that it is. There is no scriptural support for the idea, apart from a couple of highly tangential references that prove nothing to anybody who does not already accept the proposition. There's even one scripture (Exodus 21:22) that seems to indicate that accidental death of an unborn child is to be considered merely a financial matter -- the eye-for-an-eye doctrine does not call it murder. So what is the Christian response? It's certainly not to attack Planned Parenthood clinics. That act follows from Old Covenant legalism -- about a subject that is not even mentioned in the Old Covenant. No, if you think it's a sin, then it would be wise not to get an abortion. But the true Christian response is to invite the Holy Spirit to guide your own spiritual development, changing you, if He so desires, into somebody who does not get an abortion. As a man, I obviously have no skin in this game, so I try to stay out of it, except to point out that it should be, it must be an individual decision by a woman in light of her own relationship to a saving Lord. Any other response does not arise from any kind of New Testament emphasis.

If there is any one thing that is wrong with the Church today, it is that we do not consistently and cogently present the true Gospel, the fact that Jesus has not only cleared our way to heaven, but he has freed us from the Old Testament.

Go read Farley's books and then tell me whether I'm right about this.

2015-08-10

At the Rehearsal Dinner

My son, I will give you a bit of advice.
It's entirely free, though it carries a price.
As you enjoy this evening, all set to embark,
Know that marriage is a walk in the park.

As you start down the path, hand in hand, just you two,
Beautiful flowers and shrubs fill your field of view.
But looking ahead, take note that the way
Seems just a bit hazy, not quite on display.

You have yet to build out a path to your dream.
You’ll need to work hard and do so as a team.
You have to make plans and some hard-choice decisions;
Then, just as you think that you’ve nailed them, revisions.

Your path isn’t paved till you lay down your life
For her to walk on – that’s the truth of having a wife.
Yes, she’ll do the same, or you’re not truly wed,
But think first, last and always of easing her tread.

This park you meander has its peaks and its vales.
At times, you’ll despair of finding good trails.
But, if you give her your best, in old age you’ll remark
That you loved every step of your walk in the park.


Copyright ©2015, Paul H. Harder II

This poem is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 License.

2015-03-31

Another Dose of Climate Change News

A new study from the University of Exeter, highlighted in a Science Daily article, finds concrete evidence that a warming climate releases greenhouse gases, leading to more warming, leading to more release of greenhouse gases, and so on in a positive feedback loop.

This is no surprise to anybody who has been paying attention. Go to YouTube and search for "methane fire ice". You'll get a number of short videos that illustrate the problem.  Here's just one example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FM0hczFNDZI. There is a lot of methane sequestered in permafrost and beneath the ice that covers frozen lakes. As climate warms, the only possible expectation is that this methane will be released into the atmosphere. As methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, the result is more warming.

Some global warming deniers have tried to argue that, because paleoclimate indicators seem to show that increased carbon in the atmosphere happened before ancient warming episodes, that's proof that atmospheric carbon isn't what causes warming -- instead, they say, warming causes increased atmospheric carbon.

They're half right. Warming does cause carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to be released. But greenhouse gases also cause warming. The science is clear on that, completely apart from any question of whether the mechanism would apply to the atmosphere. Physics is physics. The two phenomena, warming and carbon release, go together in what could be a dizzying spiral of runaway greenhouse effect, were it not for other, less well understood mechanisms that eventually retard the effect.

The earth will recover from our current, human induced warming episode. But it may take millennia.

2015-03-27

Christian Values

Reuters reports that 20 states have now enacted "religious freedom" laws, and I see from CNN that the Arkansas senate has just passed a similar law. Finally, I have put my finger on what bothers me about those laws.

It appears that these laws are at least partly being supported by conservative Christians who want to preserve the rights of business owners to deny service to people whose lifestyles disagree with their Christian faith. It's an effort to guarantee these business owners the right to uphold their Christian values.

So just exactly what "Christian values" might these be?

The one constant in these news stories seems to be that conservative Christians want to preserve their right to tell other people what they cannot do.

Jesus, by contrast, focused almost entirely on prescriptions for what I should do. He never once encouraged me to try to control the behavior of any other person.

Let's recall Micah 6:8 (NIV): "He has shown you, O mortal, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God." Similarly, Matthew 7:1-2 says, "Do not judge, or you too will be judged. For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you."

God does not require us to make a list of things that others are not permitted to do. Rather, he wants us to follow a fairly simple list of what we, ourselves, should do.

Those who focus on thou-shalt-not pronouncements about the behavior of others, ignoring the thou-shalts that Jesus actually spoke, are not trying to uphold Christian values.





Your Daily Dose of Climate Change

Today's news has two articles related to global warming:

Of course, the first article is not necessarily related to global warming. Any one climatic observation or weather event may or may not be a part of the overall suite of climate mechanisms that we call "global climate change" or "global warming". But Wyoming is not the only place that's warming earlier in the spring or cooling later in the fall. Many years ago, when Kathleen and I went to our kids' Saturday morning YMCA soccer games, we usually had to wear a jacket. Nowadays, Saturday mornings in Houston during soccer season are rarely that cool.

The second article is most definitely related to climate change. The disappearance of floating ice sheets does not, in itself raise sea levels. But this disappearance has two consequences: First, as the article mentions, the missing sea ice provides less resistance to the advance of Antarctic glaciers, which can now move faster, dumping into the ocean vast quantities of ice that is not already floating. That will indeed raise sea levels. Additionally, the missing ice is replaced by open water, which is an amazingly good absorber of solar heat. That heat warms the water, reducing the opportunity to form new sea ice. It also raises the temperature of the air, delivering energy to melt Antarctic glaciers.

This is one of the situations that has climate scientists very apprehensive. It's exactly the sort of positive feedback mechanism that can, without warning, begin a runaway change that happens far too fast to react to in any useful way. If we cross one of these tipping points, the human race will have little ability to move the climate back toward what it had been, regardless of whether we actually try.

At present, many of our political leaders are actively avoiding any belief in the existence of climate change and resisting all efforts to spend any money to do anything about it.


2015-03-26

Colder Europe Due to Global Warming?

ScienceDaily has an article about recent findings from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Research, showing that the thermohaline circulation is slowing down, leading to an expectation of cooler weather for Europe -- likely resulting, at least in part, from global warming.


The article suggests that melting of Greenland's ice cap is a probable cause of the circulation slowdown. This idea is nothing new. Climate scientists have realized, for some time, that this is a possibility. Some believe that this has happened before, far distant geologic time.

It's called "thermohaline" because this circulation is driven by heat and by the salt content of the ocean. Salty water is denser than fresh water.  Greenland's ice melt, thus, floats on top of the saltier water coming northeast from the Gulf of Mexico. If enough fresh water invades the northern Atlantic, that northeastward flow is slowed or even halted. In what humans have come to think of as normal operation, this thermohaline circulation takes warm water far into the North Sea, warming Europe. Eventually, the increasingly salty water (because evaporation leaves the salt behind) is so dense that it has no choice but to sink to the depths of the sea and return southwestward. In the diagram above, we see that this circulation is worldwide. 

If the north Atlantic branch of the circulation shuts down, the result will be a colder Europe, thanks to global warming.